{"id":1187,"date":"2026-03-24T22:05:59","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T15:05:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/?p=1187"},"modified":"2026-03-24T22:06:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T15:06:00","slug":"tam-ly-hoc-hanh-vi-giai-ma-ma-nguon-dang-sau-moi-hanh-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/24\/tam-ly-hoc-hanh-vi-giai-ma-ma-nguon-dang-sau-moi-hanh-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 “M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n” \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen kh\u00f3 b\u1ecf, hay t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u0103ng say h\u01a1n? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 m\u00f4ng lung, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi (Behaviorism)<\/strong> \u2013 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi tin r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00f4ng qua t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong> Thay v\u00ec \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng sinh ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh; ch\u00fang ta “h\u1ecdc” c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra xung quanh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Nh\u1eefng “Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0” \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ba nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John B. Watson: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai sinh “Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n H\u00e0nh vi”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1913, John B. Watson \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1ch quan. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “nh\u00e0o n\u1eb7n” m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu hay t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch b\u1ea9m sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ivan Pavlov: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ra “Ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng qua th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, Pavlov \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nghe ti\u1ebfng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o “ting ting” c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, tim b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eadp nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00ec mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getty Images<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B.F. Skinner: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh vi l\u00ean t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skinner l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (Operant Conditioning)<\/strong>. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • H\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: T\u1eeb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf “Ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng” \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c & Nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con:<\/strong> Thay v\u00ec tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (khen ng\u1ee3i, ghi nh\u1eadn) gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Trong tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m l\u00fd:<\/strong> C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0nh vi gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i (phobia), gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      4. “Th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim – \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u1ea1i T\u00e2m l\u00fd MHC \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh vi ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c hay n\u1ed7i \u0111au tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a. T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng lab, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      L\u1eddi k\u1ebft:<\/strong> H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f3i quen ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 T\u00e2m l\u00fd MHC \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen kh\u00f3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[236],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tam-ly-doi-song"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1187"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1190,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1187\/revisions\/1190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymhcdalat.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}